Taosi Site (National Cultural Relics Site)
Located in Taosi Village, Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, it is the largest Longshan Culture site in the Central Plains region. Dating from 2300 to 1900 BC, it holds significant academic value for reconstructing the social nature of the late Neolithic period in China, the history of state formation, and exploring the Xia culture. It is one of China's three major prehistoric city sites (along with Liangzhu Ancient City in Zhejiang and Shimao Site in Shenmu, Shaanxi), and is suspected to be the capital of Emperor Yao.
Taosi society exhibited a stark disparity between rich and poor, with a small number of nobles accumulating vast wealth, forming a privileged class and paving the way for the transition from the state-state era to the regional state era. This is of great significance for exploring the origins of ancient Chinese civilization and the social history of the Yao and Shun era.
The site and museum showcase astronomical facilities used for exploring the universe over 4000 years ago—an ancient observatory, city walls, palaces, royal tombs, religious and ritual buildings, dragon-patterned pottery plates, red-inscribed flat pots, gnomons, bronze gears, and hourglasses. The ancient inhabitants calculated solar terms, formulated calendars, and precisely managed time, having already established a preliminary complete timekeeping system for years, months, days, and hours. Fragments of a flat-bottomed pot were unearthed, bearing two characters in red ink. One character is "文" (wen), while the other has been interpreted by experts as "尧" (Yao), "易" (Yi), or "命" (ming), among other interpretations, which are significant for the study of the origins of Chinese characters.
The Taosi culture began with the excavation of foundation trenches and the construction of rammed earth walls in its early stages. In its middle period, a ceremonial gate with a gate indicating rank and status was built at the southeast gate of the palace city. Many small house foundations were discovered at the residential site, surrounded by roads, wells, pottery kilns, and a relatively dense number of ash pits. The house foundations are categorized into three types: above-ground, semi-subterranean, and cave dwellings. The interior floors were coated with a mixture of straw and mud, compacted or fired, and most were then coated with a layer of white lime, with the wainscoting also finished with white lime. The walls have niches of varying sizes. A stove was located on one side of the interior, with a flue connecting to the outside at the rear. The well was round at the top and 13 meters deep, with a wooden retaining structure built near the bottom.
Travel Guide: Transportation: Linfen West Station—Taosi Direct Bus (two buses, 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM) (Free for veterans with preferential treatment cards in the city area)
Ticket Price: 50 yuan. (Half-price for veterans with preferential treatment card)
Time: 2-6 hours.
Accommodation and meals: Inconvenient.
Route: The museum is 5 kilometers from the ruins; there is no shuttle bus. For those driving, it is recommended to take the route: Observatory—Southeast Gate of the Palace City—turn back; then drive to the museum.
Nearby attractions: Hongtong Big Locust Tree (for ancestral worship), Xiaoxitian, Guangsheng Temple, Taosi Ruins Museum, Tiefo Temple, Fusheng Temple.